Cold decomposition-positive flotation and reverse flotation-cold crystallization are most widely used potassium extraction technology in salt lakes・ Alkyl aliphatic amine and alkyl morpholine are the main collectors of positive flotation and reverse flotation respectively,supplemented by foaming agents and inhibitors to achieve high・efilciency separation of sodium and potassium・ At present, the interpretation of flotation mechanism mainly includes ion exchange, dissolution heat, surface charge and interface water structure effect・ They can explain flotation results and micro・mechanism within a certain extent・ This paper summarizes the progress of potassium flotation technology and mechanism,to provide a reference for understanding the status quo of the development of potassium resources in salt lakes in China. <摘要译文>