The organic-rich mixed sedimentary rocks deposited in a saline lacustrine environment are widespread in the Lucaogou Formation (P(2)l), Jimsar Sag, Junggar Basin. These rocks have complex lithology (mainly including mudstone, dolomitic mudstone and argillaceous dolomite) and significant changes in geochemical characteristics. Presently, the formation mechanism of organic-rich mixed sedimentary rocks in the P(2)l of the Jimsar Sag is obscure. To address these issues, the formation mechanism of mudstone, dolomitic mudstone and argillaceous dolomite is revealed by evaluating their sedimentary environment, primary productivity and sources of organic matter using organic petrology, organic geochemistry and inorganic geochemistry. The results show that the mixed sedimentary rocks of the P(2)l exhibit excellent hydrocarbon generation potential. The mixed sedimentary strata were mainly deposited in saline and suboxic to anoxic water column, and the main source of organic matter was aquatic organisms. During the changes from mudstone, dolomite mudstone to argillaceous dolomite deposition, the paleoclimatic condition varied from warm-humid to arid-hot with more frequent hydrothermal activity, which enhanced the salinity of the water column, leading to a higher proportion of halotolerant algae (cyanobacteria and green algae). The improvement in the paleoproductivity caused by volcanic activity was the most critical factor to promote the enrichment of organic matter in the mixed sedimentary rocks. In addition, the decomposition of algae and stratified water column were conducive to the formation of a stable and suboxic to anoxic bottom water environment, which improves the preservation conditions of organic matter, and also favored the organic matter enrichment in mixed sedimentary rocks. Therefore, the frequent changes in paleoclimatic conditions and periodic hydrothermal activity controlled the formation of different lithologies in the P(2)l. High primary productivity and good preservation conditions promoted the accumulation of organic matter in these mixed sedimentary rocks.