As the demand for critical minerals (CMs) grows rapidly across sectors like energy storage, semiconductors, and clean energy, geothermal brines have emerged as a promising, yet underutilized, secondary resource. These elements of interest typically occur in trace concentrations, and geothermal environments involve high flow rates, elevated post-turbine brine temperatures (80°C–95°C), and up to 30% total dissolved solids. These conditions cause equipment degradation, scaling, and process inefficiencies while also complicating reinjection and plant retrofitting. Traditional extraction methods, such as precipitation or solvent extraction, often fall short under these harsh and dynamic conditions. Moreover, transitioning from lab-scale demonstrations to continuous, industrial-scale operations demands systems that balance selectivity, throughput, and durability—all while preserving power generation efficiency. Economic and environmental concerns, including high capital costs and residual brine disposal, further constrain deployment. Overcoming these barriers requires innovative, field-adapted technologies that enable simultaneous power production and mineral recovery. If realized, geothermal brine extraction could play a key role in securing domestic CM supplies, reducing dependence on imports, and supporting the energy transition with a lower environmental footprint than conventional mining.